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XState with React

Simple Counter Example

This example hooks in with Redux Toolkit's createSlice used with React Context. This particular example comes from NextJS.

The machine itself is a contrived example using the simple Counter.

import * as React from "react" import { useMachine } from "@xstate/react" import { createMachine } from "xstate" import { assign } from "@xstate/immer" import { inspect } from "@xstate/inspect" if (typeof window !== "undefined") { inspect({ // options // url: 'https://statecharts.io/inspect', // (default) iframe: false, // open in new window }) } import { set, TestContextProvider, useTestContext, } from "../context/TestContext" const counterMachine = createMachine({ initial: "active", states: { active: { on: { INCREASE: { actions: assign((ctx) => ctx.value++) }, DECREASE: { actions: assign((ctx) => ctx.value--) }, SET: { actions: assign((ctx, { value }) => (ctx.value = value)), }, RESET: { actions: assign((ctx) => (ctx.value = 0)) }, }, }, }, }) function useCounterMachine() { const [cache, dispatch] = useTestContext() const [state, send, service] = useMachine(counterMachine, { devTools: true, // This allows us to hook into `useTextContext` to set the initial state context: cache, }) React.useEffect(() => { // This will update out `useTestContext` store on state changes. const subscription = service.subscribe((state) => { dispatch(set(state.context.value)) }) return subscription.unsubscribe // note: service should never change }, [service]) return [state, send] } function ExampleSection() { const [counterState, send] = useCounterMachine() return ( <> <p>{counterState.context.value}</p> <button onClick={() => send("INCREASE")}>Increase</button> <button onClick={() => send("DECREASE")}>Decrease</button> <button onClick={() => send("SET", { value: 10 })}>Set 10</button> <button onClick={() => send("RESET")}>Reset</button> </> ) } function App() { return ( <TestContextProvider> <ExampleSection /> </TestContextProvider> ) } export default App

Using createUpdater

If we want to abstract actions that are complex, we can use createUpdater:

import * as React from "react" import { useMachine } from "@xstate/react" import { createMachine } from "xstate" import { createUpdater } from "@xstate/immer" import { inspect } from "@xstate/inspect" if (typeof window !== "undefined") { inspect({ // options // url: 'https://statecharts.io/inspect', // (default) iframe: false, // open in new window }) } import { set as setAction, TestContextProvider, useTestContext, } from "../context/TestContext" const increase = createUpdater("INCREASE", (ctx) => ctx.value++) const decrease = createUpdater("DECREASE", (ctx) => ctx.value--) const set = createUpdater("SET", (ctx, { value }) => (ctx.value = value)) const reset = createUpdater("RESET", (ctx) => (ctx.value = 0)) const counterMachine = createMachine({ initial: "active", states: { active: { on: { [increase.type]: { actions: increase.action }, [decrease.type]: { actions: decrease.action }, [set.type]: { actions: set.action }, [reset.type]: { actions: reset.action }, }, }, }, }) function useCounterMachine() { const [cache, dispatch] = useTestContext() const [state, send, service] = useMachine(counterMachine, { devTools: true, // This allows us to hook into `useTextContext` to set the initial state context: cache, }) React.useEffect(() => { // This will update out `useTestContext` store on state changes. const subscription = service.subscribe((state) => { dispatch(setAction(state.context.value)) }) return subscription.unsubscribe // note: service should never change }, [service]) return [state, send] } function ExampleSection() { const [counterState, send] = useCounterMachine() return ( <> <p>{counterState.context.value}</p> <button onClick={() => send("INCREASE")}>Increase</button> <button onClick={() => send("DECREASE")}>Decrease</button> <button onClick={() => send("SET", { value: 10 })}>Set 10</button> <button onClick={() => send("RESET")}>Reset</button> </> ) } function App() { return ( <TestContextProvider> <ExampleSection /> </TestContextProvider> ) } export default App

A final way to implement it to bring is to similar parity with Redux Toolkit.

import * as React from "react" import { useMachine } from "@xstate/react" import { createMachine } from "xstate" import { createUpdater, assign } from "@xstate/immer" import { inspect } from "@xstate/inspect" if (typeof window !== "undefined") { inspect({ // options // url: 'https://statecharts.io/inspect', // (default) iframe: false, // open in new window }) } import { set, TestContextProvider, useTestContext, } from "../context/TestContext" const increaseImpl = (ctx) => void (ctx.value += 1) const decreaseImpl = (ctx) => void (ctx.value -= 1) const setImpl = (ctx, payload) => void (ctx.value = payload.value) const resetImpl = (ctx) => void (ctx.value = 0) const counterMachine = createMachine({ initial: "active", states: { active: { on: { INCREASE: { actions: assign(increaseImpl) }, DECREASE: { actions: assign(decreaseImpl) }, SET: { actions: assign(setImpl) }, RESET: { actions: assign(resetImpl) }, }, }, }, }) function useCounterMachine() { const [cache, dispatch] = useTestContext() console.log("@ cache", cache) const [state, send, service] = useMachine(counterMachine, { devTools: true, context: cache, }) React.useEffect(() => { const subscription = service.subscribe((state) => { dispatch(set(state.context.value)) }) return subscription.unsubscribe // note: service should never change }, [service]) return [state, send] } function ExampleSection() { const [counterState, send] = useCounterMachine() return ( <> <p>{counterState.context.value}</p> <button onClick={() => send("INCREASE")}>Increase</button> <button onClick={() => send("DECREASE")}>Decrease</button> <button onClick={() => send("SET", { value: 10 })}>Set 10</button> <button onClick={() => send("RESET")}>Reset</button> </> ) } function App() { return ( <TestContextProvider> <ExampleSection /> </TestContextProvider> ) } export default App

TypeScript

import { createUpdater, ImmerUpdateEvent } from "@xstate/immer" import { createMachine } from "xstate" interface CounterContext { value: number } type IncreaseEvent = ImmerUpdateEvent<"INCREASE"> type DecreaseEvent = ImmerUpdateEvent<"DECREASE"> type SetEvent = ImmerUpdateEvent<"SET", number> type ResetEvent = ImmerUpdateEvent<"RESET"> const increase = createUpdater<CounterContext, IncreaseEvent>( "INCREASE", (ctx) => ctx.value++ ) const decrease = createUpdater<CounterContext, DecreaseEvent>( "DECREASE", (ctx) => ctx.value-- ) const set = createUpdater<CounterContext, SetEvent>( "SET", (ctx, { input }) => (ctx.value = input) ) const reset = createUpdater<CounterContext, ResetEvent>( "RESET", (ctx) => (ctx.value = 0) ) export const counterMachine = createMachine({ initial: "active", states: { active: { on: { [increase.type]: { actions: increase.action }, [decrease.type]: { actions: decrease.action }, [set.type]: { actions: set.action }, [reset.type]: { actions: reset.action }, }, }, }, })

An alternative:

import { assign, createUpdater, ImmerUpdateEvent } from "@xstate/immer" import { createMachine } from "xstate" interface CounterContext { value: number } type SetEvent = ImmerUpdateEvent<"SET", number> const increaseImpl = (ctx: CounterContext) => void (ctx.value += 1) const decreaseImpl = (ctx: CounterContext) => void (ctx.value -= 1) const setImpl = (ctx: CounterContext, { input }: SetEvent) => void (ctx.value = input) const resetImpl = (ctx: CounterContext) => void (ctx.value = 0) export const counterMachine = createMachine({ initial: "active", states: { active: { on: { INCREASE: { actions: assign(increaseImpl) }, DECREASE: { actions: assign(decreaseImpl) }, SET: { actions: assign(setImpl) }, RESET: { actions: assign(resetImpl) }, }, }, }, })

Repository

https://github.com/okeeffed/developer-notes-nextjs/content/xstate/xstate-with-react/xstate-with-react-usage-with-redux

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