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3: Primitive Types and Control Flow

Control Flow

The condition MUST evaluate to a boolean.

if num == 5 { msg = "five"; } else if num == 4 { msg = "four"; } else { msg = "other"; }

You can also assign a variable to the result of the condition. Note: you must use tail expressions in this case.

let msg = if num == 5 { "five" } else if num == 4 { "four" } else { "other" };

Ternaries in Rust can be written like so:

num = if a { b } else { c };

There is also an unconditional loop:

loop { println!("Hello, world!"); }

You can even break out of a deep-nested loop with break and naming.

'bob: loop { 'joe: loop { break 'bob; } }

A similar thing can be done with continue.

While loops are also very similar to other languages, but there are no do blocks.

while dizzy() { // do stuff }

Rust also has ways to iterate through an iterator. It can even take a pattern or work through a range.

// iterate in order for num in [7,8,9].iter() { println!("{}", num); } // iterate with a pattern let array = [(1,2), (3,4)]; for (x,y) in array.iter() { println!("{} {}", x, y); } // For ranges -> note the end here is exclusive for num in 0..50 { println!("{}", num); } // This range includes the end for num in 0..=50 { if num % 2 == 0 { println!("{}", num); } }

Strings

"Here be dragons" - there can be 6 types of strings in Rust, but there are generally always two types:

  1. A string slice str which we will generally get as a borrow string slice &str.
  2. A String where the data can be modified.

You will often create a string by using the to_string() or String::from() methods on a string slice.

A borrowed string slice is essentially a pointer to a string slice and a length.

A String is a pointer to a string with a length and capacity.

Strings cannot be indexed by a number.

If you need to index things like graphemes, be sure to check out the packages out there.

Repository

https://github.com/okeeffed/developer-notes-nextjs/content/rust/Ultimate-Rust-Crash-Course/3-Primitive-Types-And-Control-Flow

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